Automatic Transfer Switch: An ATS is a device that is designed to Automatically transfer between (2 or 3) sources of power to improve the reliability of the electrical supply to the connected load and to provide zero interruption of power. It automatically switches when it senses one of the sources has lost or gained power.
Automatic Transfer Switch not only transfers the load to the backup generator but also it commands the backup generator to start and stop, based on the voltage monitored on the primary supply. When Industries installed an ATS, they usually equipped with a backup generator and; furthermore an backup ATS. When an electric utility outage occurs, the ATS will tell the backup generator to start.
Once the ATS sees that the generator is ready to provide electric power, the ATS breaks the connection from the electric utility and connects the generator to the same main electrical panel. When utility power returns for a minimum time, the ATS will automatically transfer back to utility power and command the generator to turn off.
Operation Areas of ATS
- Utility to Utility.
- Generator to Generator.
- Utility to Generator.
- Standby power system to two utility feeds. Etc.
Utility to Utility.
Dual utility applications are becoming more common in facilities with zero interruption of power, but no standby generator. Furthermore, if one utility feed fails, the transfer switch automatically connects the load to the second utility feed.
Generator to Generator (Using Multiple On-Site Generators).
If the primary generator fails, the transfer switch sends a start signal to the second generator and then transfers the load.
Utility to Generator.
If the supply from Utility fails/ interrupted, the transfer switch will send a start signal to the generator automatically and connect the generator supply to the load.
Installation.
ATS is a factory that assembles devices and usually requires minimum knowledge for installation, therefore simplifying the installation and reducing the amount of time required to be operational.
Safety and Protection.
The current-carrying parts of the device are all enclosed, providing protection against any direct contact. There are absolutely no exposed wires. Moreover, in an emergency situation requiring a manual operation, the automatic and remote use is disable by simply operating the handle.
Space Reducing.
The device has been designed to be extremely small and compact with fully enclosed. Compared to traditional devices, the Compact ATS takes very less cabin space. It needs no supplementary accessories, not even an extra external power source.
Working.
- Automatic starting and stopping of Diesel generator on the mains failure.
- It is provided with a fire alarm / external fault trip feature.
- Automatic transfer switches are designed to withstand high short circuits.
- It provides the safety of load and equipment, during the changeover of the switch when the fault occurs at the primary side.
Types of ATS:
- Motorized based Automatic Transfer Switch.
- Solenoid based Automatic Transfer switch.
Motorized Based Automatic Transfer Switch:
The motorized ATS is operated by an electrical motor for moving the contact. Moreover, motorized ATS usually adapt for adjustment.(i.e., Transferring the switch with some delay)
Who Needs It?
- The small scale Industries.
- The water treatment plant.
- Shopping Malls.
- Huge Apartments.
- Educational Institutes.
- Airports. etc.
Moreover, the delay (delay of 3 seconds) of switching does not affect normal operation/working conditions, without loss of data and resources.
Solenoid Based Automatic Transfer Switch.
The solenoid ATS is operated by the magnet, just one electromagnetic coil is used for moving the contact. The Solenoid ATS is used for Faster and Quick operation when it senses the fault within a fraction of milliseconds.
Who Needs It?
Moreover, places were interruption of power even for 1 second leads to the REAL TIME LOSS / UNRECOVERABLE LOSS, To prevent that a Solenoid ATS is essential!
- The Large scale Industries.
- Data centres Data.
- Telecommunications and Telecom towers.
- Hospital (mainly operation Theaters, ICU’s, Emergency’s )
- Railways and Railway power lines.
- Sports Stadiums.
- World Trade Centers. Etc.
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Source: blog.elmeasure.com